Oct 26, 2014  In this tutorial series, we're going to be covering with more depth the Tkinter module, which is built into Python. We're going to be using Python 3 specifically here, but you should be able to.

• Tkinter Tutorial Python Pdf Tutorial Pdf
• Python 3 Gui Tkinter Tutorial Pdf

Most of the programs we have done till now are text-based programming. But many applications need GUI (Graphical User Interface).

Python provides several different options for writing GUI based programs. These are listed below:

• Tkinter: It is the easiest among all to get started with. It is Python's standard GUI (Graphical User Interface) package. It is the most commonly used toolkit for GUI Programming in Python.
• JPython: It is the Python platform for Java that is providing Python scripts seamless access o Java class Libraries for the local machine.
• wxPython: It is open-source, cross-platform GUI toolkit written in C++. It one of the alternatives to Tkinter, which is bundled with Python.

There are many other interfaces available for GUI. But these are the most commonly used ones. In this, we will learn about the basic GUI programming using Tkinter.

Using Tkinter

It is the standard GUI toolkit for Python. Fredrik Lundh wrote it. For modern Tk binding, Tkinter is implemented as a Python wrapper for the Tcl Interpreter embedded within the interpreter of Python. Tk provides the following widgets:

• button
• canvas
• combo-box
• frame
• level
• check-button
• entry
• level-frame
• menu
• list - box
• menu button
• message
• tk_optoinMenu
• progress-bar
• radio button
• scroll bar
• separator
• tree-view and many more...

Creating a GUI program using this Tkinter is simple. For this programmers need to follow the steps mentioned below:

1. Import the module Tkinter
2. Build a GUI application (as a window)
3. Add those widgets that are mentioned above
4. Enter the primary, i.e., main event's loop for taking action when the user triggered the event.

A Sample Program Using Tkinter

In this program, it is shown how Tkinter is used via Python to built windows along with some buttons and the events that are programmed using these buttons.

Standard Attributed for GUI

• Dimensions
• Fonts
• Colors
• Cursors
• Anchors
• Bitmaps

Methods For Geometry Management

• The pack(): This method manages the geometry of widgets in blocks
• The grid(): This method organizes widgets in a tabular structure
• The place(): This method organizes the widgets to place them in a specific position

• Python Basic Tutorial

• Python Advanced Tutorial

• Python Useful Resources

• Selected Reading

Python provides various options for developing graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Most important are listed below.

• Tkinter − Tkinter is the Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with Python. We would look this option in this chapter.

• wxPython − This is an open-source Python interface for wxWindows http://wxpython.org.

• JPython − JPython is a Python port for Java which gives Python scripts seamless access to Java class libraries on the local machine http://www.jython.org.

There are many other interfaces available, which you can find them on the net.

Tkinter Programming

Tkinter is the standard GUI library for Python. Python when combined with Tkinter provides a fast and easy way to create GUI applications. Tkinter provides a powerful object-oriented interface to the Tk GUI toolkit.

Creating a GUI application using Tkinter is an easy task. All you need to do is perform the following steps −

• Import the Tkinter module.

• Create the GUI application main window.

• Add one or more of the above-mentioned widgets to the GUI application.

• Enter the main event loop to take action against each event triggered by the user.

Example

This would create a following window −

Tkinter Widgets

Tkinter provides various controls, such as buttons, labels and text boxes used in a GUI application. These controls are commonly called widgets.

There are currently 15 types of widgets in Tkinter. We present these widgets as well as a brief description in the following table −

Let us study these widgets in detail −

Standard attributes

Let us take a look at how some of their common attributes.such as sizes, colors and fonts are specified.

Let us study them briefly −

Geometry Management

All Tkinter widgets have access to specific geometry management methods, which have the purpose of organizing widgets throughout the parent widget area. Tkinter exposes the following geometry manager classes: pack, grid, and place.

Tkinter Tutorial Python Pdf Tutorial Pdf

• The pack() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets in blocks before placing them in the parent widget.

• The grid() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets in a table-like structure in the parent widget.

• The place() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets by placing them in a specific position in the parent widget.

Python 3 Gui Tkinter Tutorial Pdf

Let us study the geometry management methods briefly −